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C6：葡萄糖（glucose）

葡萄糖 glucose 己醛糖 smiles C C@@H 1 C@H C@@H C@H C O1 O O O O O $结构式：$ - D-葡萄糖 - 费歇尔投影式1 tikz \usepackage chemfig \begin document \chemfig - 2,1.2,,,transparent - 4,0.8 H - ,0

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葡萄糖 glucose 己醛糖

3D结构

C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(O1)O)O)O)O)O

$结构式：$

• D-葡萄糖

• 费歇尔投影式1

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
(-[2,1.2,,,transparent])
(-[4,0.8]H)(-[,0.8]OH)(-[2,0.8]CHO)
-[6,0.8](-[,0.8]H)(-[4,0.8]HO)
-[6,0.8](-[4,0.8]H)(-[,0.8]OH)
-[6,0.8](-[4,0.8]H)(-[,0.8]OH)(-[6,0.8]CH_2OH)
} 
\end{document}

• 费歇尔投影式2

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[atom sep=2em,cram width=2pt]{
(-[2,1.2,,,transparent])
	(-[0,]{\color{blue}OH})(-[4,]H)(-[2,,,]CH{\color{red}O})
	-[6,](-[4]{\color{green}HO})(-[0,]H)
	-[6,](-{\color{pink}OH})(-[4,]H)
	-[6,](-{\color{Cyan}OH})(-[4,]H)(-[6]CH_2{\color{orange}OH})
}
\end{document}

^01

• 键线式1

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
[:-30]
HO--[:30](<[2]OH
	(-[2,0.5,,,transparent]) %上支撑
)-(<:[6]OH)-[:30](<:[2]OH)-(<:[6]OH)-[:30](=[2]O)-H
}
\end{document}

• 键线式2

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}

\chemfig{
(-[2,1.5,,,transparent]) %上支撑
	(-[3.5,0.8]{\color{orange}HO}
		% P
		( % 上边界支撑
			-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
		)
	)
	(-[0.5,0.8]
		(<[2,0.8]-[2,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{Cyan}OH})
		(-[7.5,0.8]
			(<:[6,0.8]-[6,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{pink}OH})
			(-[.5,0.8]
				(<:[2,0.8]-[2,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}OH})
				(-[7.5,0.8]
					(<:[6,0.8]-[6,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{blue}OH})
					(-[.5,0.8]
						=[7.5,0.8]{\color{red}O}
						% P
						(
							% 上边界支撑
							-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
						)
					)
				)
			)
		)
	)
}

\end{document}

^2

• α-D-吡喃葡萄糖（α-D-glucopyranose）

• P328

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%[:-30]
	%C4
	(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5,,2]HO)
	*6(
	%C3
	<(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]OH)
	%C2
	-[,1,,, line width=2pt](-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5]OH)
	%C1
	>(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5]OH)
	-O-
	(-[2,0.5,,3]HOCH_2
		% 上边界支撑
		-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
	)-
	)
}
\end{document}

^1

• P328

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	[2]*6(
	%2
	(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
	%1
	>(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
	%O
	-O
	%5
	-(-[2,0.5,,3]HOCH_2
		% 上边界支撑
		-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
	)
	%4
    -(-[6,0.5,,2]HO)(-[2,0.5]H)
    %3
    <(-[2,0.5,,]OH)(-[6,0.5]H)
    -[,,,,line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]OH)
    )
}
\end{document}

哈沃斯投影式

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
HO
%4
-[2,0.5,2]?
%3
<[7,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
%2
-[,,,,line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]OH)
%1
>[1,0.7](-[6,0.5]OH)
-[3,0.7]O-[4]?(
	%5
	-[2,0.3]
	%6
	-[3,0.5]HO
		% 上边界支撑
		-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
	)
}
\end{document}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%[:-30]
	%C4
	(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5,,2]HO)
	*6(
	%C3
	<(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]OH)
	%C2
	-[,1,,, line width=2pt](-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5]OH)
	%C1
	>(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.5]OH)
	-O-
	(-[2,0.3]-[3,0.5]HO)-
	)
} 
\end{document}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%1号C位
	(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
	(<[5,1]
		(-[6,0.5]OH
			% 上边界支撑
			-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
		)
		(-[4,1,,, line width=2pt]
			(-[2,0.5]OH)
			(>[3,1] %4号C位
				(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
				(-[1,1]
					(-[2.7,1]
						(-[1.3,1]OH)
					)
					(-[,1]O
						(-[7,1])
					)
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

• β-D-吡喃葡萄糖（β-D-glucopyranose）

哈沃斯投影式

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
HO
%4
-[2,0.5,2]?
%3
<[7,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
%2
-[,,,,line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]OH)
%1
>[1,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
-[3,0.7]O-[4]?(
	%5
	-[2,0.3]
	%6
	-[3,0.5]HO
		% 上边界支撑
		-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
	)
}
\end{document}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%1号C位
	(-[2,0.5]OH)(-[6,0.5]H) 
	(<[5,1]
		(-[6,0.5]OH)
		(-[4,1,,, line width=2pt]
			(-[2,0.5]OH)
			(>[3,1] %4号C位
				(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
				(-[1,1]
					(-[2.7,1]
						(-[1.3,1]OH
							% 上边界支撑
							-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
						)
					)
					(-[,1]O
						(-[7,1])
					)
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

• 环状透视式（哈沃斯投影式 / Haworth Projection）

\usepackage{chemfig}
\definecolor{cpk_P}{rgb}{1.00, 0.50, 0.00}     % P
\begin{document}

\chemname{
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%[:-30]
	%C4
	(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.35,,]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[4,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{pink}HO})
	*6(
	%C3
	<(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}OH})
	%C2
	-[,1,,, line width=2pt](-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.35]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{blue}OH})
	%C1
	>(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.15,,,transparent]{\color{red}OH})
	-{\color{Cyan}O}-
	    %C6
		(-[2.7,1]
			(-[1.3,1]{\color{orange}OH}
				% 上边界支撑
				-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
			)
		)
	%C5
    -		
	)
}
}{}

\end{document}

^4

• α-D-呋喃葡萄糖（α-D-glucofuranose）

哈沃斯投影式

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
%H
%4
%-[2,0.5,]
?(
	%5
	-[2,0.5]C(-[,0.3]H)(-[4,0.5]HO)
	%6
	-[2,0.5]CH_2OH
		% 上边界支撑
		-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
)
%3
<[7,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
%2
-[,,,,line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]OH)
%1
>[1,0.7](-[6,0.5]OH)
-[3.3,1.2]O?
}
\end{document}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%1号C位
	(-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
	(<[5,1]
		(-[6,0.5]OH)
		(-[4,1,,, line width=2pt]
			(-[2,0.5]OH)
			(>[3,1] %4号C位
				(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]C(-[,0.3]H)(-[4,0.5]HO)(-[2,0.5]CH_2OH)
					% 上边界支撑
					-[2,1.1,,,,transparent]
				)
				(-[0.5,1.3]O
					(-[7.5,1.3])
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

• β-D-呋喃葡萄糖（β-D-glucofuranose）

• 哈沃斯投影式1

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
%H
%4
%-[2,0.5,]
?(
	%5
	-[2,0.5]C(-[,0.3]H)(-[4,0.5]HO)
	%6
	-[2,0.5]CH_2OH
					% 上边界支撑
				-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
)
%3
<[7,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
%2
-[,,,,line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]OH)
%1
>[1,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)
-[3.3,1.2]O?
}
\end{document}
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%1号C位
	(-[2,0.5]OH)(-[6,0.5]H)
	(<[5,1]
		(-[6,0.5]OH)
		(-[4,1,,, line width=2pt]
			(-[2,0.5]OH)
			(>[3,1] %4号C位
				(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]C(-[,0.3]H)(-[4,0.5]HO)(-[2,0.5]CH_2OH)
							% 上边界支撑
							-[2,1.1,,,,transparent]
				)
				(-[0.5,1.3]O
					(-[7.5,1.3])
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

• 哈沃斯投影式2

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}

\chemname{
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
	%5-6
		(-[0.7,1.25]{\color{pink}O})
			%6
			(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]C(-[,0.3]H)(-[4,0.5]{\color{Cyan}HO})(-[2,0.5]CH_2{\color{orange}OH})
							% 上边界支撑
							-[2,1.1,,,,transparent]
			)
	%4
	<[6.75,](-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}OH})(-[6,0.5]H)
	%3
	-[,,,, line width=2pt](-[6,0.35,,]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{blue}OH})(-[2,0.5]H)
	%2
    >[1.25,](-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{red}OH})(-[3.3,1.05])
	%1
	-[6,0.5]H
}
}{}
\end{document}

^3

---

• D-葡萄糖

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
(-[,0.8]H)(-[4,0.8]HO)(-[2,0.8]CH_2OH)
-[6,0.8](-[,0.8]H)(-[4,0.8]HO)
-[6,0.8](-[4,0.8]H)(-[,0.8]OH)
-[6,0.8](-[,0.8]H)(-[4,0.8]HO)(-[6,0.8]CHO)
} 
\end{document}

-

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
	(-[,0.5]OH)
	(<[5,0.5]
		(-[7,0.5]OH)
		(-[4,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
			(-[5,0.5]HO)
			(>[3,0.5]
				(-[4,0.5]HO)
				(-[1,0.5]
					(-[2,0.5]
						(-[3.5,0.8]HO)
					)
					(-[,0.5]O
						(-[7,0.5])
					)
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

-

\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}

\chemfig{
	HO-[,0.5]
	(-[1,0.5]
		(-[2,0.5]
			(-[3.5,0.8]HO)
		)
		(-[,0.5]O
			(-[7,0.5]
				(-[,0.5]OH)
				(<[5,0.5]
					(-[7,0.5]OH)
					(-[4,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
						(-[5,0.5]HO)
						(>[3,0.5]
						)
					)
				)
			)
		)
	)
} 
\end{document}

-

C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)O)O)O)O)O

• D-吡喃葡萄糖

异构说明

存在[[异头异构体（anomers）]]

• 1位C的$-OH$方向

| $-OH$方向 | | | ------- | --- | | ↓ | α构型 | | ↑ | β构型 |

• O跟几号C位连接

| O跟几号C位连接 | | | -------- | ---- | | 4 | 吡喃构型 | | 5 | 呋喃异构 |

产生

参与反应

[[HK：催化反应1--葡萄糖磷酸化]]