称谓
果糖 fructose 己酮糖
3D结构
C1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](C(O1)(CO)O)O)O)O描述
$结构式：$
• 极少存在：L-fructose
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
(=[,0.5]O)(-[2,0.5]CH_{2}OH)
-[6,0.5](-[4,0.5]H)(-[,0.5]HO)
-[6,0.5](-[4,0.5]HO)(-[,0.5]H)
-[6,0.5](-[4,0.5]HO)(-[,0.5]H)
(-[6,0.5]CH_{2}OH)
}
\end{document}d-果糖的互变异构体
• 【酮-d-果糖（D-fructose，keto-d-fructose）】
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
(=[,0.5]O)(-[2,0.5]CH_{2}OH)
-[6,0.5](-[,0.5]H)(-[4,0.5]HO)
-[6,0.5](-[,0.5]OH)(-[4,0.5]H)
-[6,0.5](-[,0.5]OH)(-[4,0.5]H)
(-[6,0.5]CH_{2}OH)
}
\end{document}• 费歇尔投影式2
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[atom sep=2em,cram width=2pt]{
(-[2,1.2,,,transparent])
(=[0,]{\color{blue}O})(-[2,,,]CH_2{\color{red}OH})
-[6,](-[4]{\color{green}HO})(-[0,]H)
-[6,](-{\color{pink}OH})(-[4,]H)
-[6,](-{\color{Cyan}OH})(-[4,]H)(-[6]CH_2{\color{orange}OH})
}
\end{document}^1
• 键线式2
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
(-[2,1.5,,,transparent]) %上支撑
(-[3.5,0.8]{\color{orange}HO}
% P
( % 上边界支撑
-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
)
)
(-[0.5,0.8]
(<[2,0.8]-[2,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{Cyan}OH})
(-[7.5,0.8]
(<:[6,0.8]-[6,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{pink}OH})
(-[.5,0.8]
(<:[2,0.8]-[2,0.2,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}OH})
(-[7.5,0.8]
(=[6,0.8]{\color{blue}O})
(-[.5,0.8]
-[7.5,0.8]{\color{red}OH}
% P
(
% 上边界支撑
-[2,0.5,,,,transparent]
)
)
)
)
)
)
}
\end{document}^2
【D-吡喃果糖】占比70%
• α-D-fructopyranose，α-d-吡喃果糖
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
O(-[4,0.25]H)-[2,0.5]
(-[0.8,0.6]-[,0.6]O)
<[7,0.7](-[5.5,0.5]O-[4,0.25]H)
-[,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
(-[2.25,0.5]HO)>[1,0.7](-[6,0.5]OH)(-[3.15,0.35])
-[2,0.4]-[1,0.5]OH
(-[2,0.5,,,transparent])
}
\end{document}• β-D-fructopyranose，β-d-吡喃果糖
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
O(-[4,0.25]H)-[2,0.5]
(-[0.8,0.6]-[,0.6]O)
<[7,0.7](-[5.5,0.5]O-[4,0.25]H)
-[,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
(-[2.25,0.5]HO)>[1,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)(-[3.15,0.35])
-[6,0.4]-[7,0.5]OH
(-[2,1.5,,,transparent])
}
\end{document}【D-呋喃果糖】占比22%
• α-D-fructofuranose，α-d-呋喃果糖
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
HO-[7,0.5]-[6,0.4]
(-[0.75,0.8]O)
<[6.75,0.7](-[5.5,0.5]O-[4,0.25]H)
-[,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
(-[2.25,0.5]HO)>[1.25,0.7](-[6,0.5]OH)(-[3.25,0.6])
-[2,0.4]-[1,0.5]OH
}
\end{document}• $\beta{}-d-吡喃果糖$
\usepackage{chemfig}
\definecolor{cpk_P}{rgb}{1.00, 0.50, 0.00} % P
\begin{document}
\chemname{
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
%[:-30]
%C4
(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.35,,]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[4,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{Cyan}HO})
*6(
%C3
<(-[2,0.5]H)(-[6,0.35]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{pink}OH})
%C2
-[,1,,, line width=2pt](-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,-0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}HO})
%C1
>(-[6,0.5]-[7.3,0.5]{\color{red}OH})(-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.15,,,transparent]{\color{blue}OH})
-{\color{orange}O}(-[2,0.5,,,transparent])
-
%C5
-
)
}
}{}
\end{document}^4
• β-D-fructofuranose，β-d-呋喃果糖
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig{
HO-[7,0.5]-[6,0.4]
(-[0.75,0.8]O)
<[6.75,0.7](-[5.5,0.5]O-[4,0.25]H)
-[,0.5,,, line width=2pt]
(-[2.25,0.5]HO)>[1.25,0.7](-[2,0.5]OH)(-[3.25,0.6])
-[6,0.4]-[7,0.5]OH
}
\end{document}• 哈沃斯投影式2
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemname{
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
%5-6
(-[6,0.5]H)
(-[0.7,1.25]{\color{Cyan}O})
%6
(-[6,0.5]H)(-[2,0.5]-[3.3,0.7]{\color{orange}HO}
(-[2,0.5,,,transparent])
)
%4
<[6.75,](-[6,0.35]-[6,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{pink}OH})(-[2,0.5]H)
%3
-[,,,, line width=2pt](-[2,0.35,,]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[,-0.13,,,transparent]{\color{green}HO})(-[6,0.5]H)
%2
>[1.25,](-[2,0.35]-[2,0.15,,,transparent]-[0,0.13,,,transparent]{\color{blue}OH})(-[3.3,1.05])
%1
-[6,0.5]-[7.3,0.5]{\color{red}OH}
}
}{}
\end{document}^3
-
\usepackage{chemfig}
\begin{document}
\chemfig[cram width=2pt]{
%5-6
(-[6,0.5]H)(-[0.7,1.25]O)(-[2,0.5,,3]HOCH_2)
%4
<[6.75,](-[6,0.5]OH)(-[2,0.5]H)
%3
-[,,,, line width=2pt](-[2,0.5,,2]HO)(-[6,0.5]H)
%2
>[1.25,](-[2,0.5]OH)(-[3.3,1.05])
%1
-[6,0.5]CH_2OH
}
\end{document}转化关系
![[Isomeric_forms_of_fructose.svg.png]] ![[R-C.jpg]]